V38Z Mediterranean thistle fields

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Description

Thistle-dominated vegetation in almost Mediterranean, summer-dry areas where, being primary production and the fast replacement of foliage inhibited, the incentive to invest in protection is larger, thistle fields proliferating even in the absence of heavy grazing.

Protection

This habitat is not protected under the EU Habitat Directive.

Floristic Composition

Frequent species

Silybum marianum 100%, Bromus diandrus 74%, Carduus tenuiflorus 68%, Galium aparine aggr. 53%, Sonchus oleraceus 47%, Hordeum murinum 47%, Sisymbrium officinale 42%, Dactylis glomerata 42%, Malva sylvestris 42%, Torilis arvensis aggr. 42%, Mentha suaveolens 42%, Anthemis arvensis 37%, Geranium robertianum 32%, Convolvulus arvensis 32%, Bromus sterilis 32%, Geranium molle 32%, Rumex crispus 26%, Lactuca serriola 26%, Echium rosulatum 26%, Bromus hordeaceus aggr. 26%, Cirsium vulgare 26%, Medicago arabica 21%, Marrubium vulgare 21%, Urtica dioica 21%, Ballota nigra 21%, Vicia sativa aggr. 21%, Rumex obtusifolius 21%, Foeniculum vulgare 21%, Avena barbata 21%, Echium vulgare 21%, Lactuca virosa 16%, Lolium perenne 16%, Erigeron bonariensis 16%, Capsella bursa-pastoris aggr. 16%, Silene gallica 16%, Geranium rotundifolium 16%, Tordylium maximum 16%, Geranium lucidum 16%, Geranium dissectum 16%, Lolium rigidum 16%, Avena sterilis 16%, Sonchus asper 16%, Hirschfeldia incana 16%, Cichorium intybus 16%, Conium maculatum 16%, Solanum dulcamara 11%, Sherardia arvensis 11%, Rumex pulcher 11%, Silene latifolia 11%, Polygonum aviculare 11%, Poa annua 11%, Onopordum acanthium 11%, Holcus lanatus 11%, Malva multiflora 11%, Medicago polymorpha 11%, Stellaria media 11%, Plantago lanceolata 11%, Vulpia bromoides 11%, Jacobaea vulgaris 11%, Carthamus lanatus 11%, Centaurea calcitrapa 11%, Centaurea nigra 11%, Carduus pycnocephalus 11%, Chondrilla juncea 11%, Dipsacus fullonum 11%, Echium lusitanicum 11%, Erodium malacoides 11%, Erodium moschatum 11%, Eryngium campestre 11%, Galactites tomentosus 11%, Rubus ulmifolius 5%, Saponaria officinalis 5%, Calendula arvensis 5%, Bryonia dioica 5%, Bromus madritensis 5%, Avena sativa aggr. 5%, Avena fatua 5%, Artemisia verlotiorum 5%, Sanguisorba officinalis 5%, Sambucus ebulus 5%, Rumex scutatus 5%, Campanula lusitanica 5%, Rumex papillaris 5%, Carduus bourgeanus 5%, Oenanthe crocata 5%, Rumex conglomeratus 5%, Rumex acetosella 5%, Anthriscus caucalis 5%, Bromus tectorum 5%, Alliaria petiolata 5%, Vicia narbonensis 5%, Veronica persica 5%, Verbascum thapsus 5%, Urtica urens 5%, Amaranthus hybridus aggr. 5%, Trifolium repens aggr. 5%, Trifolium incarnatum 5%, Trifolium glomeratum 5%, Trifolium dubium 5%, Trifolium arvense 5%, Anacyclus clavatus 5%, Andryala integrifolia 5%, Tolpis barbata aggr. 5%, Tanacetum parthenium 5%, Anthemis cotula 5%, Sonchus tenerrimus 5%, Rostraria cristata 5%, Reseda media 5%, Reseda luteola 5%, Cirsium arvense 5%, Mantisalca salmantica 5%, Malva tournefortiana 5%, Achillea millefolium 5%, Malva neglecta 5%, Coincya monensis 5%, Lycopsis arvensis 5%, Crepis capillaris 5%, Crepis pulchra 5%, Lapsana communis 5%, Lamium maculatum 5%, Daucus carota 5%, Digitaria sanguinalis 5%, Geranium purpureum 5%, Hypericum perforatum 5%, Geranium pyrenaicum 5%, Erodium cicutarium aggr. 5%, Fallopia convolvulus 5%, Chenopodium album 5%, Raphanus raphanistrum 5%, Pteridium aquilinum 5%, Portulaca oleracea 5%, Gaudinia fragilis 5%, Fumaria reuteri 5%, Centaurea paniculata aggr. 5%, Phytolacca americana 5%, Phalaroides arundinacea 5%, Petrorhagia nanteuilii 5%, Pastinaca sativa 5%, Papaver rhoeas 5%, Onopordum acaulon 5%, Cerastium fontanum 5%, Fumaria muralis 5%, Cerastium glomeratum 5%, Melissa officinalis 5%, Medicago sativa 5%, Heracleum sphondylium 5%

Phytosociology

  • Carduo bourgeani-Silybetum mariani
  • Echio rosulati-Silybetum mariani

Relations with other habitat types

Taller, earlier-flowering and occupying far warmer sites than V38X and W38Y, the distribution in the ecoregion of this mostly Mediterranean vegetation, rich in archaeophytes and therophytes, is restricted to the southernmost areas.

Regional distribution

Known occurrences and potential area of occupancy of the habitat type in the study region.

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Citation: IBEROATLANTICA – Flora and Habitats of the Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion.
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