T371 Iberian calcareous Pinus sylvestris forests

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Description

Coniferous needele-leaved forests occurring on calcareous steep slopes in mountain areas with relatively sunny summers and occasionally harsh winters, including blizzards.

Protection

This habitat is not protected under the EU Habitat Directive.

Floristic Composition

Frequent species

Pinus sylvestris 100%, Hepatica nobilis 78%, Fagus sylvatica 67%, Brachypodium pinnatum 56%, Viola riviniana aggr. 56%, Juniperus communis 56%, Hieracium murorum aggr. 56%, Rubia peregrina 44%, Teucrium chamaedrys 44%, Hedera helix aggr. 44%, Glandora diffusa 44%, Juniperus sabina 44%, Pimpinella tragium 44%, Pteridium aquilinum 44%, Crataegus monogyna 44%, Ranunculus tuberosus aggr. 44%, Primula veris 44%, Galium pumilum aggr. 33%, Prunus spinosa 33%, Potentilla tabernaemontani 33%, Potentilla montana 33%, Hippocrepis comosa 33%, Polygala vulgaris 33%, Fragaria vesca 33%, Sanicula europaea 33%, Brachypodium sylvaticum 33%, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 33%, Campanula rotundifolia aggr. 33%, Helleborus foetidus 22%, Briza media 22%, Sorbus aria 22%, Carex halleriana 22%, Oxalis acetosella 22%, Ruscus aculeatus 22%, Daphne laureola 22%, Laserpitium eliasii 22%, Lathyrus linifolius 22%, Linum appressum 22%, Amelanchier ovalis 22%, Melica uniflora 22%, Pilosella officinarum 22%, Lathyrus niger 22%, Clematis vitalba 22%, Geum sylvaticum 22%, Vicia sepium 22%, Veronica officinalis 22%, Veronica chamaedrys 22%, Scrophularia alpestris 22%, Ononis striata 22%, Coronilla minima 22%, Thymelaea ruizii 22%, Quercus rotundifolia 22%, Stachys officinalis 22%, Stellaria holostea 22%, Festuca trichophylla 22%, Buxus sempervirens 22%, Pulmonaria longifolia 11%, Aquilegia vulgaris aggr. 11%, Quercus petraea 11%, Arbutus unedo 11%, Arenaria grandiflora 11%, Aphyllanthes monspeliensis 11%, Rhamnus alpina 11%, Veronica montana 11%, Trifolium ochroleucon 11%, Thymus mastigophorus 11%, Achillea millefolium 11%, Seseli montanum 11%, Sorbus mougeotii 11%, Ajuga reptans 11%, Sorbus torminalis 11%, Rubus ulmifolius 11%, Viburnum lantana 11%, Potentilla sterilis 11%, Avenella flexuosa 11%, Helleborus viridis 11%, Cirsium arvense 11%, Clinopodium alpinum 11%, Conopodium majus aggr. 11%, Festuca heterophylla 11%, Festuca braun-blanquetii 11%, Erica vagans 11%, Dioscorea communis 11%, Dactylis glomerata 11%, Daboecia cantabrica 11%, Cruciata glabra 11%, Crepis albida 11%, Acer campestre 11%, Cephalanthera damasonium 11%, Centaurea lagascana 11%, Polystichum aculeatum 11%, Berberis vulgaris aggr. 11%, Pimpinella saxifraga 11%, Euphorbia dulcis 11%, Melittis melissophyllum 11%, Melampyrum pratense 11%, Lonicera xylosteum 11%, Lonicera periclymenum 11%, Linum trigynum 11%, Linum catharticum 11%, Carex flacca 11%, Iris graminea 11%, Ilex aquifolium 11%, Corylus avellana 11%

Relations with other habitat types

Calcicolous analogue of T372, it is replaced by the still smaller-leaved, drought-resistant T3D6 on even drier, percolating limestones, whereas T197 or even T21y prevail at lower elevations.

Regional distribution

As explained under T372, the current exceedingly local occurrence of these forests is the result of a dramatical, human-accelerated process of post-glacial demise.

Known occurrences and potential area of occupancy of the habitat type in the study region.

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Citation: IBEROATLANTICA – Flora and Habitats of the Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion.
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